How much electricity does a rooftop solar system really produce?
Kilowatt peak is what you buy. Kilowatt hours are what you get. The gap between the two is decided by location, orientation, shade and heat.
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Solar
A rooftop array is the engine of an energy independent home. These guides explain what a roof will realistically produce, which module technology fits which roof, and how to read the numbers in an offer.
850 to 1,100kWh per kWp and year on a good roof in Central Europe
1,400 to 1,700kWh per kWp and year in southern Spain or Portugal
0.3 to 0.5 %typical output loss per year for modern modules
Guides in Solar
Solar panels compared: TOPCon, heterojunction, back-contact and glass-glass
Module efficiency has crept above 22 percent, and the differences between technologies now show up more in heat, shade and looks than in the datasheet headline.
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